Imaging of gout: an atlas. [Review]

Abstract

Gout is a common systemic disease defined by deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in articular and peri-articular structures, leading to recurrent bouts of inflammation. Imaging plays an important role in establishing the diagnosis when crystal aspiration is not feasible and the clinical diagnosis is uncertain. Each imaging modality has a unique role. Radiographs can demonstrate characteristic erosions and tophi in later stages of gout. Ultrasound has a major role in the diagnosis and assessment of gout. Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) enables precise visualization of MSU deposits and can determine disease burden. MRI can assess for non-specific inflammatory and structural changes. Both ultrasound and DECT are emphasized as part of diagnostic algorithms and the role of imaging is expanding with more recent advancements and evidence. This review provides an imaging-centric overview of each modality and its evolving significance in gout.