Calcinosis in systemic sclerosis: An update on pathogenesis, related complications, and management: A heavy burden still waiting to be lifted off patients' hands. [Review]
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All Authors
Avanoglu-Guler, A.
Campochiaro, C.
De Luca, G.
Hughes, M.
Tufan, A.
Green, L.
Del Galdo, F.
Matucci-Cerinic, M.
Dagna, L.
LTHT Author
Green, Lorraine
Del Galdo, Francesco
Del Galdo, Francesco
LTHT Department
NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
Rheumatology
Rheumatology
Non Medic
Publication Date
2024
Item Type
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Language
Subject
Subject Headings
Abstract
In SSc, dystrophic calcinosis is one of the major clinical manifestations, characterized by the deposition of insoluble calcific substances in tissues, predominantly in the chemical form of calcium hydroxyapatite. Furthermore, calcinosis might lead to compressive neuropathies and severe pain. Current evidence suggests that tissue ischemia and repeated trauma are implicated in the development of calcinosis; however, there are still too many unknown areas that need to be investigated. Detection of calcinosis is commonly performed using X-ray or ultrasound. Moreover, quantification of calcinosis with X-ray and dual-energy computed tomography might be useful for the assessment of disease burden and monitoring of the disease. Despite its prevalence and clinical outcomes, there are no approved disease-modifying treatments for calcinosis in SSc. Debulking or surgical intervention might be preferred for calcinosis complicated with infection, compressive symptoms, or relief of pain. Therefore, innovative investigations and tailored therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to lift the burden of calcinosis from the hands of SSc patients.
Journal
Seminars in Arthritis & Rheumatism