Enteropathic arthritis is associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and venous thromboembolism.

Williams, JC.; Kieu, PL.; Zuckerman, BP.; Alam, U.; Zhao, SS.

Enteropathic arthritis is associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and venous thromboembolism.

All Authors

Williams, JC.

Kieu, PL.

Zuckerman, BP.

Alam, U.

Zhao, SS.

LTHT Author

Williams, Jacob Corum

LTHT Department

NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
Rheumatology

Publication Date

2025

Item Type

Journal Article

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with enteropathic arthritis (EA) compared with matched controls. Methods: We performed a 1:1 propensity score matched retrospective cohort study using electronic health records. EA was defined using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code M07 and codes for Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, excluding other inflammatory arthritis. Controls had no coded diagnosis of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis or inflammatory arthritis. Primary outcomes were MACE and VTE; secondary outcomes included myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, CVD (composite of ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease), pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Cohorts were matched for demographics, comorbidities and medications, with analysis using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: We included 5239 matched pairs (mean age 43 years, 63% female), with follow-up of 19 256 person-years (PY) for EA and 42 064 PY for controls. MACE [261 events; incidence rate (IR) 13.6/1000 PY (95% CI 11.9, 15.2)] occurred more frequently in EA compared with controls [407 events; IR 9.7/1000 PY (95% CI 8.7, 10.6)]. Similarly, VTE occurred more frequently in the EA group, with 264 [IR 13.7/1000 PY (95% CI 12.1, 15.4)] compared with 250 events [IR 5.9/1000 PY (95% CI 5.2, 6.7)]. The hazards of MACE [HR 1.40 (95% CI 1.19, 1.66)] and VTE [HR 1.89 (95% CI 1.57, 2.27)] were significantly increased. Results were concordant across CVD, MI and PE, but lacked precision for stroke and DVT. Conclusion: EA is associated with an increased risk of MACE, VTE, MI, CVD and PE. Risk-reduction strategies and lifestyle measures should be clinical and research priorities.