The impact of chronic pain on the psychological and social wellbeing of young people

Abstract

Background: Chronic pain affects approximately one in five young people and is associated with significant psychological and social challenges. Adolescence represents a critical developmental period, yet the first-hand psychosocial experiences of young people with chronic pain remain under-researched and, as far as literature searching has identified, no psychosocial theory or framework exists solely grounded in the experiences of young people. Existing literature highlights reciprocal relationships between pain and mental health difficulties, stigma, and social isolation, but research is often framed through professional or caregiver perspectives. There is a need for theory grounded in young people’s own accounts to inform NHS services. Aims: To explore and interpret the first-hand experiences of young people with chronic pain and develop a theory or framework that enhances understanding of its psychological and social impact. Methods: This qualitative study uses a constructivist grounded theory approach. Participants aged 11–18 years are recruited from the chronic pain clinic at Leeds Children’s Hospital. Theoretical sampling will guide two iterative recruitment phases (anticipated n=15–25). Data are collected through participant-led, semi-structured interviews incorporating optional arts-based preparation tasks (collage, life-mapping or other). Interviews are audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using open, focused and theoretical coding with constant comparison and memo-writing. Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) informs recruitment, analysis, and refinement of the emerging framework. Results: Data collection will begin shortly. Emerging analysis is expected to generate a conceptual framework or substantive theory outlining how adolescents understand and communicate pain, navigate stigma, and experience reciprocal cycles between pain, psychological distress and social relationships. Conclusion: By centring young people’s voices, this study will generate practice-relevant insights to inform developmentally sensitive, psychosocially informed NHS chronic pain services and improve holistic care for adolescents.