Long term outcome in non-multiple sclerosis paediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes.

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All Authors

Wassmer, E.
Billaud, C.
Absoud, M.
Abdel-Mannan, O.
Benetou, C.
Cummins, C.
Forrest, K.
De Goede, C.
Eltantawi, N.
Hickson, H.

LTHT Author

Livingston, John
Taylor, Micheal

LTHT Department

Leeds Children's Hospital
Children's Neurosciences

Non Medic

Publication Date

2024

Item Type

Journal Article
Multicenter Study

Language

Subject

Subject Headings

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study the risks of relapse and long term disability in children with non-MS acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS). METHODS: In this prospective, multi-centre study, from the 14 UK pediatric neurology centres, children (<16 years) experiencing a first episode of ADS were recruited from 2010 to 2014. Case report forms were collected prospectively. RESULTS: A total of 269 children were recruited and followed up for a median of 7.2 years. Median age at onset was 9y (IQR 9.5-14.5, 126 females). At last follow-up, 46 (18 %) had MS, 4 AQP4-Ab NMOSD and 206 (80 %) had other ADS, of which 27 (13 %) relapsed. Relapsing MOGAD was the diagnosis in 12/27, 6 were seronegative and 9 did not have antibodies tested. Frequency of relapse differed according to first presentation in non-MS ADS, being least likely in transverse myelitis (p = 0.025). In the non-MS group, MOG-Ab was predictive of relapse (HR = 8.42; p < 0.001) occurring 8 times as often decreasing over time. Long-term difficulties did not differ between children with monophasic vs relapsing diseases. CONCLUSION: The risk of relapse in non-MS ADS depends on initial diagnosis, and MOG-Ab positivity. Long-term difficulties are observed regardless of relapses and are determined by presenting phenotype.

Journal

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology